Emergence of a conflict opposing libertarian-universalistic and traditionalist-communitarian values.
A new value conflict
An opposition between culturally libertarian and traditionalist
or authoritarian values,
on differing conceptions of community.A two-dimensional competitive space.
A growing diffusion of universalistic outlooks that citizens with more traditionalist values and conceptions of community are likely to see as threatening.
The educational revolution interacts with processes of denationalisation or globalisation to create ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ of the modernisation processes of recent decades.
- Globalisation
- Certain social groups
- have lost in terms of life-chances or privileges, while others feel threatened in
- their identity by the policies enacting universalistic values and by European
- integration.
Cultural conflicts - Ideologies
- Collective identities
- Value and life style
- Populist right parties
These parties have gained substantial voter shares by politicising the new cultural conflict, and by placing renewed emphasis on economic policy making or other political issues they would only play into the hands of their mainstream competitors.
On the other hand, the established right is free to back off from its harsh anti-inmigrant stances. Cultural conflicts therefore centre on liberarian-universalistic values and manifest themselves in tempered form in the mid 2000s. - New issues
New line of conclict: libertarian-universalistic vs. traditionalist-communitarian
There are who want we preserve our distinctive traditions while other defence the democratic majority decisions over abstract normative principle.
The more party positions on the two dimensions diverge, on the other hand, the more strongly twodimensional the resulting political space will be.
12 broader categories
- Economic Issues
Welfare
Budget
Economic liberalism - Cultural issues
Cultural liberalism
European integration
Culture
Inmigration
Army
Security - Residual categories
Environment
Institutional reform
Infraestructure
Conclusion
1. The rising diffusionof universalistic values since the 1960s, resulting in societal changes that have triggered a first redrawing of political space
2.These transformations carry the imprint of a – delayed – traditionalist-communitarian counter-reaction against this development. The New Left and the extreme populist right, the two party families that are both the driving forces and the product of this two-fold transformation of political space, lie at
1. The rising diffusionof universalistic values since the 1960s, resulting in societal changes that have triggered a first redrawing of political space
2.These transformations carry the imprint of a – delayed – traditionalist-communitarian counter-reaction against this development. The New Left and the extreme populist right, the two party families that are both the driving forces and the product of this two-fold transformation of political space, lie at
opposing poles of the new cultural divide opposing libertarian-universalistic and traditionalist-communitarian values. With the state–market divide retaining much of its power, the space of West European politics is clearly two-dimensional.
Economic issues have proven more important in structuring recent party divisions. Politics will continue to evolve in a path-dependent manner in the two contexts.
Economic issues have proven more important in structuring recent party divisions. Politics will continue to evolve in a path-dependent manner in the two contexts.
The New Cultural Divide and the Two-Dimensional Political Space in Western Europe
Simon Bornschier
West European Politics
Volume 33, Issue 3, 2010
Special Issue: The Structure of Political Competition in Western Europe
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